Take-Home Messages

• A non-contact and non-invasive method for measurement of glycerol is an exceptional feature of the sensor presented in this work enabled by employing a microwave coupled tag-reader structure.
• A printable tattoo shaped passive tag sensor with zero power consumption is presented which as an ideal candidate for smart wearable sensor applications according to its distant and non-invasive measurement capabilities.
• Targeted biomedical application of this work is measurement of glycerol in blood and interstitial fluid for indication of hyperglyceridaemia and coronary heart disease as well as the determination of glycerol level in drug-delivery applications.
• The major breakthrough of this work is development of a highly sensitive non-invasive non-contact distant sensor with zero power consumption on the sensing part with the capability of detection of a small amount of glycerol in nanoliter volume over a microfluidic channel.
• Achieving to 139.5 kHz of frequency shift and 0.2dB of amplitude variation in the resonance profile of the sensor for 2% concentration of glycerol in serum with about 960nlit of sample confined in a microfluidic channel exposed to the passive tag placed 25 mm far from the reader.

Take-Home Messages

• Controlling current distribution and applying thermal distribution comparison of causative EM radiation facilitate prior understanding of the required electromagnetic field that can create conformal heating to the targeted cancerous lesion.
• Synthesizing the desired radiator with self-imbedded choke operating at low input power can minimize consequent return currents along antenna shaft which alleviates overheating problems and damaging surrounding healthy tissues along antenna shaft.
• End-fire highly directed radiation is found to be more efficient in ablating tumors using less input power than that associated with omnidirectional (broadside) applicator using high input power to force homogeneous and fast ablation which contributes in providing confined homogeneous heating required for full ablation.
• BSB microwave antenna can provide confined heating of approximately 30 mm diameter tumor at only 3W input power which is comparable to that obtained at much higher input power.
• Maintain low reflection over wide frequency band can provide wideband mapping of heterogeneous dielectric and thermal properties of biological tissues operating at the same low power level.

Take-Home Messages

• A human-body-mimicking electrolyte, a Pt electrode, and a clinical electrode form an accurate and low-cost invitrovalidation method for brain-computer interfaces.
• The proposedin vitrosetup provides a more clinically accurate assessment of brain-computer interface performance than prior methods.
• Brain-computer interfaces can assist the medical field in better understanding and treating neurological disorders (e.g. epilepsy, Alzheimer’s, depression, etc.), and accurate assessment of device performance is key to ensuring the ability to record the relevant neural signals.
• Priorin vitrovalidation methods do not closely replicate an invivorecording environment creating the potential for overestimation of device sensitivity, thus increasing the cost and number of animals required during invivotesting.
• The developed electrode model and impedance characterization can be used to better inform implanted sensor design in the future.