Additional functions are also being studied; tunable excitation field patterning, reconfigurable depth of penetration, multiple excitation sites, power efficient waveforms and reduced extraneous excitation. Multichannel, multi-coil arrays show promise in achieving many of these parameters in one multifunctional array as opposed to the single-function commercial coils (circular, figure-8 or H coil) being used today. As such, our central focus is to determine whether multifunction dense arrays, despite their many challenges, are a tractable technical approach for future neuromodulation systems. Therefore, the results in this paper are twofold. First, we report the design, fabrication and demonstration of a scalable multichannel (12 channels) or multifunction dense array system to assess the potential to perform these functions in one system. Second, we demonstrate that the depth of penetration of the magnetic field can be reconfigured by varying current magnitude and phase of the smaller coil diameters in the array to achieve the same decay profile performance of a larger diameter coil. Only simulations exist in the literature to date, to the best of our knowledge, we report the first measurements of hexagonal shaped coils in multi-coil arrays have increased depth of penetration over circular shaped coil-based arrays.

In contrast, our sensor on harness can couple significant RF energy into various body parts to evaluate the heartbeat, respiration and activity levels. The self-contained unit is lightweight for ease of wearable deployment and low power to avoid unnecessary heat generation as well as frequent battery replacement. We recorded the shell temperature, heart rate, respiration rate and activity levels of a Russian tortoise during the entire brumation cycle and found that the heart rate correlated with the ambient temperature well, while the breath rate did not significantly reduce during brumation. This experimental study is minimally invasive and thus least biased.

Additionally, a new wireless power transfer (WPT) system is designed by integrating with a miniaturized metasurface to enhance the WPT efficiency and extend the lifetime of the implantable device. The transmission coefficient S21 of the WPT system loaded with metasurface is 11 dB higher than the initial system at the resonance point. Furthermore, biosafety is taken into consideration for practical applications. The experiments in the equivalent body environment are performed to demonstrate the reliability of the proposed antenna. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement, which shows that the proposed antenna is appropriate to be applied in wireless body area network communication and power transfer systems simultaneously.

A 2450 MHz sleeved slot coaxial applicator with a pointed, extended, hollow tip is designed to heat 400 mm3 of polymer from body temperature to its crosslinking temperature of 40°C in 10s.

This challenging scenario is raising cross-cutting issues, such as those related to new radio-frequency exposures of the human body also when travelling. We evaluate the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) induced in a realistic smart mobility communication scenario operated at 5.9 GHz. V2V antennas were modeled and placed on a realistic 3D model of a city-car to numerically estimate SAR in the body regions and tissues of a human phantom (adult male) inside the car. We found that both local and whole-body average exposures were below the ICNIRP and IEEE limits for the general public in the 100 kHz-6 GHz band, being equal in the worst case scenario to 1.58 W/kg (head) and 0.008 W/kg, respectively. The highest SAR was found in the most superficial tissues (the skin) of body regions very close to the sources. The distance of the passenger from the antennas played an important role in the resulting SAR. This research has a potentially great clinical impact as it contributes to new and realistic knowledge on the exposure scenario in smart mobility communication to assess possible health effects and for the design of policies for public health management.

Here we propose a novel micro detector with a total length of 8 mm built upon a flexible substrate with a total thickness of less than 60 um. The design of the detector is based on two perpendicularly oriented saddle coils that together create a homogeneous magnetic field when wrapped onto the catheter tube, thus maintaining constant visibility of the catheter under rotation, with practically no dead angle. Being self-resonant, the proposed detector allows wireless tracking of the catheter position, whilst preventing any heating hazard due to the absence of radiofrequency cables. The micro-resonator was fabricated using a multilayer flexible electronics fabrication process.