Adaptive Radar-Based Human Activity Recognition with L1-Norm Linear Discriminant Analysis
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In contrast to standard LDA, L1-LDA exhibits resistance against outliers that may lie among the training data, e.g., due to mislabeling. We use real-data from four motion classes to experimentally compare the performance of the proposed methods with standard (L2-norm-based) LDA. The results corroborate that the proposed methods markedly outperform LDA when the training datasets are corrupted with mislabeling, while they provide similar performance under nominal training data.
UHF-Dielectrophoresis Crossover Frequency as a New Marker for Discrimination of Glioblastoma Undifferentiated Cells
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We demonstrate here that the presented dielectrophoresis electrokinetic method can be used to discriminate the undifferentiated from the differentiated cells. In this study, microfluidic lab-on-chip systems implemented on Bipolar-Complementary Oxide Semiconductor (BiCMOS) technology are used allowing single cell handling and analysis. Based on characterizations of their own intracellular features, both selected glioblastoma cell lines cultured in distinct culture conditions have shown clear differences of DEP crossover frequency signatures compared to differentiated cells cultured in normal medium. These results support the concept and validate the technique efficiency for cell characterization in glioblastoma pathology.
Dual-Band Antenna Design for Wireless Capsule Endoscopic Image Transmission in the MHz Band Based on Impulse Radio Technology
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The proposed antennas can be fed by a battery-powered impulse radio (IR) transceiver that contains five signal peaks in the MHz band, and two signal peaks (38.5 and 57.6 MHz) are selected for antenna design to realize dual-band communication with higher data rates. Dimensions of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are π ×(5.5)2 × 2mm3 and π ×(40)2 × 4.8mm3, respectively. The antenna distance that satisfies the WCE medical image transmission requirements is roughly estimated by the received powerfrom the transceiver. With the antenna distance of 50 mm, the attenuation is 33 and 47 dB at 38.5 and 57.6 MHz, respectively. With the antenna distance of 100 mm, the attenuation is 39 and 59 dB at 38.5 and 57.6 MHz, respectively. It can be estimated thatproposed antennas can realize a total data rate of 2.5 Mbps within 100 mm antenna distance if two antennas are aligned, or within 50 mm antenna distance if two antennas are misaligned to 60 mm.
Design of Dual Frequency Mixed Coupling Coils of Wireless Power and Data Transfer to Enhance Lateral and Angular Misalignment Tolerance
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A complete, sophisticated equivalent circuit is proposed and demonstrates the features of the dual-resonant characteristic and lateral and angular misalignment tolerance. Comparing to traditional printed spiral coil systems, the proposed mixed coupling structure reduces decline rate of S21 by 26.4 % and 78.1 % at 35 mm axial misalignment and 90° angular misalignment at low resonant frequency, respectively. Moreover, at high resonant frequency, S21 only drops 16.5% with 60 mm lateral misalignment and is almost flat for 90° angular misalignment. Last but not least, data communication is also validated by transmitting a 200 kHz frequency shift keying signal, and the probability errors remain at acceptable level when misalignment occurs.
Measurement of Ion-Pairing Interactions in Buffer Solutions with Microwave Microfluidics
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One critical step towards quantifying these effects is to develop accurate models for the behavior of buffer solutions containing mobile ions. Here, we show that ions in buffer solutions produce a weak ion-pairing response. We used microfluidic channels integrated with coplanar waveguides in combination with a hybrid microwave calibration protocol to extract the broadband microwave admittance spectra of a standard TAE-Mg2+ buffer solution between 100 kHz and 67 GHz. To characterize the ion-pairing response, we fit the calibrated admittance data with two models: a conventional model without ion-pairing and with a water relaxation described by a ‘Cole-Cole’ function, to our alternative model that includes ion-pairing and a single Debye-type water relaxation. Including ion-pairing improved the goodness of fit across the entire frequency range. In the higher concentration buffer solution, we saw a reduction in the max systematic error in the fit residuals from 10% to less than 4%. The measurement and fitting techniques are widely applicable, providing critical information about the behavior of solvated ions.
Evaluation of a Microwave Biosensor for On-chip Electroporation and Efficient Molecular Delivery into Mammalian Cells
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We demonstrate the applicability of our device for electroporation-mediated molecule transfer of adherent cells in standard laboratory conditions. Application of electric pulses (6 V, 100μs, 1 Hz) to the cells induces successful delivery of a fluorescent probe (∼98%), while maintaining a high viability rate (∼100%). The comparable delivery rate to existing systems along with the improved viability suggest that our proposed electroporation system has great potential in the research fields, considering that our system is conceived to perform electrical microwave spectroscopy measurements after electroporation.
