Validation of Clausius-Mossotti Function in Wideband Single-Cell Dielectrophoresis
Xiaotian Du, Xiao Ma, Hang Li, Lei Li, Xuanhong Cheng, James Hwang.
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The calculated lower crossover frequency was found to be in general agreement with the measured values of 28 ± 4 kHz. However, the calculated upper crossover frequency was significantly different from the measured values of 326 ± 35 MHz The difference can be attributed to the field being highly nonuniform in single-cell dielectrophoresis, especially at higher frequencies. Additionally, with closely spaced electrodes in singlecell dielectrophoresis, adhesive force may have to be considered even for a relatively nonadherent Jurkat cell. In any case, the difference between the calculated and measured crossover frequency suggests that the classical Clausius-Mossotti function, originally derived from the Maxwell-Wagner mixture model of a cell suspension, may not apply to single-cell dielectrophoresis in a straightforward manner, especially at high frequencies.
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- Using a wideband test setup of well-controlled impedance, both the lower and higher crossover frequencies for dielectrophoresis of a single biological cell was experimentally measured.
- The measured lower crossover frequency was found in general agreement with that calculated by using the Clausius-Mossotti function in conjunction with experimentally extracted cell characteristics such as membrane resistance and capacitance, as well as cytoplasm resistance and capacitance.
- New formulas were derived to evaluate the Clausius-Mossotti function from cell resistances and capacitances, instead of cell permittivity with assumed cell size and shape. The sensitivity of the crossover frequencies on the cell characteristics was analyzed, too.
- The measured higher crossover frequency was found lower than that calculated. The difference can be attributed to the field being highly nonuniform in single-cell dielectrophoresis, especially at higher frequencies. Additionally, with closely spaced electrodes in single-cell dielectrophoresis, adhesive force may have to be considered even for a relatively nonadherent Jurkat cell.
- The result suggests that the classical Clausius-Mossotti function, originally derived from the Maxwell-Wagner mixture model of a cell suspension, may not apply to single-cell dielectrophoresis in a straightforward manner, especially at high frequencies.
Design of a Microwave Global Endometrial Ablation Device
Hojjatollah Fallahi, Punit Prakash.
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For treating large cavities, conformal microwave radiation is achieved by coupling the loop antenna with a passive element. A 3D-coupled FEM electromagnetic and heat transfer simulator was employed to optimize the antenna geometry with the goal of maximizing return loss at the 915 MHz operating frequency, and achieving adequate ablation depths for a range of uterine cavity sizes. Proof-of-concept devices were fabricated and experimentally evaluated in ex vivo tissue. The simulated and measured return loss of the optimized design was 20 dB at 915 MHz. Experiments in ex vivo tissue demonstrated the ability of the presented device to achieve mean ablation depths of 7.3 mm. We demonstrated a technique for creating planar ablation patterns suitable for global endometrial ablation of different uterine cavity sizes by employing a loop antenna with a passive element. Our design provides a planar ablation pattern by using a loop antenna with a passive element that will allow for ablation applications not realizable with conventional coaxial monopole, dipole, and slot antennas.
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- A novel multistatic head imaging system utilising a software-defined radio, solid-state switching network, and static antenna array is proposed.
- The system is highly compact, lightweight, and inexpensive, attributes that could make it simple to transport to medical emergencies and could enable better accessibility for disadvantaged communities.
- Head imaging applications are the focus, with the system being verified using a simplified head phantom and targets emulating cancerous tumours and bleeds.
- The imaging accuracy of the proposed system is comparable to a Vector Network Analyser system using the same imaging algorithm, while greatly reducing size and cost.
- The system could produce images of the head phantom within less than a minute, making it feasible for use in time-critical applications.
Metamaterial Zeroth Order Resonator RF Coil for Human Head: Preliminary design for 10.5T MRI
Vijayaraghavan Panda, Lance Delabarre, Gregor Adriany, Thomas Vaughan, Anand Gopinath.
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Simulation and experimental results are provided for an 8-channel M-ZOR based RF coil in comparison with a standard high performance 8-channel dipole based RF coil for the 10.5T MRI system. Each element is 18 cm long, identical, evenly spaced along the circumference of the cylindrical phantom, loaded with dielectric material, and referred to as inverted Metamaterial Zeroth Order Resonator. The resonator elements are open circuited, matched, and tuned to 447.06 MHz with the phantom. An unloaded to loaded Q-factor ratio of 2.97 is obtained from the scattering matrix of the proposed design. The length independent nature of the proposed design and the flexibility of the lumped elements have provided an optimized element with a substrate thickness of roughly 3 mm. With the proposed design, there is a similar RF magnetic field strength (B1+) to SAR ratio with a reduced 10g averaged SAR of 2.892 for the same input power compared to that of a dipole coil. This could make the coil acceptable for the clinical high-quality imaging.
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- The first prototype RF head coil using Metamaterial Zeroth Order Resonator structure on a thin substrate for 10.5T MRI is discussed.
- This work is targeted for the development of an efficient RF coil for human head imaging at Ultra-High Magnetic fields.
- The coil utilizes a periodic structure that is physical length independent, has high unloaded to loaded Q-factor ratio, and is efficient for the RF coil applications
- The proposed coil is proven to be safe for clinical use and has a good coil efficiency.
Adaptive Radar-Based Human Activity Recognition with L1-Norm Linear Discriminant Analysis
Panos Markopoulos, Sivan Zlotnikov, Fauzia Ahmad.
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In contrast to standard LDA, L1-LDA exhibits resistance against outliers that may lie among the training data, e.g., due to mislabeling. We use real-data from four motion classes to experimentally compare the performance of the proposed methods with standard (L2-norm-based) LDA. The results corroborate that the proposed methods markedly outperform LDA when the training datasets are corrupted with mislabeling, while they provide similar performance under nominal training data.
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- We present a novel, adaptive method, based on robust L1-LDA features, for indoor human motion recognition from micro-Doppler measurements.
- The proposed method exhibits remarkable resistance against training data corruptions (e.g., due to mislabelings), as well as the ability to adapt/improve as more labeled measurements from the subject of interest become available.
- The proposed method enables privacy-aware remote monitoring of patients and elderly for a variety of healthcare applications, including rehabilitation and aging-at-home.
- To the best of our knowledge, this work presents the first method in the literature for adaptive L1-LDA.
UHF-Dielectrophoresis Crossover Frequency as a New Marker for Discrimination of Glioblastoma Undifferentiated Cells
Remi Manczak, Sofiane Saada, Thomas Provent, Claire Dalmay, Barbara Bessette, Gaelle Begaud, Serge Battu, Pierre Blondy, Marie-Odile Jauberteau, Canan Baristiran Kaynak, Mehmet Kaynak, Cristiano Palego, Fabrice Lalloue, Arnaud Pothier.
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We demonstrate here that the presented dielectrophoresis electrokinetic method can be used to discriminate the undifferentiated from the differentiated cells. In this study, microfluidic lab-on-chip systems implemented on Bipolar-Complementary Oxide Semiconductor (BiCMOS) technology are used allowing single cell handling and analysis. Based on characterizations of their own intracellular features, both selected glioblastoma cell lines cultured in distinct culture conditions have shown clear differences of DEP crossover frequency signatures compared to differentiated cells cultured in normal medium. These results support the concept and validate the technique efficiency for cell characterization in glioblastoma pathology.
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- This paper underlines the strong application potential of using high frequency electric fields and intracellular dielectric spectroscopy to identify, discriminate and isolate the highest aggressiveness and resistance cells from a tumor.
- This paper shows that significant cell UHF-DEP signature change can be measured between undifferentiated and differentiated cell subpopulations.
- In the frame of high recurrence cancer as Glioblastoma, emergence of new therapies able to target and neutralize highly tumorigenic cells is required with new approaches and technologies allowing fine characterization of such cells.
- Sensitive to cell dielectric specificities, UHF-DEP could provide an efficient and label-free solution for cellular analysis and aggressiveness potential diagnosis: an innovative and complementary marker to conventional biological phenotypic and functional characterizations.
Dual-Band Antenna Design for Wireless Capsule Endoscopic Image Transmission in the MHz Band Based on Impulse Radio Technology
Yunxiao Peng, Kazuyuki Saito, Koichi Ito.
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The proposed antennas can be fed by a battery-powered impulse radio (IR) transceiver that contains five signal peaks in the MHz band, and two signal peaks (38.5 and 57.6 MHz) are selected for antenna design to realize dual-band communication with higher data rates. Dimensions of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are π ×(5.5)2 × 2mm3 and π ×(40)2 × 4.8mm3, respectively. The antenna distance that satisfies the WCE medical image transmission requirements is roughly estimated by the received powerfrom the transceiver. With the antenna distance of 50 mm, the attenuation is 33 and 47 dB at 38.5 and 57.6 MHz, respectively. With the antenna distance of 100 mm, the attenuation is 39 and 59 dB at 38.5 and 57.6 MHz, respectively. It can be estimated thatproposed antennas can realize a total data rate of 2.5 Mbps within 100 mm antenna distance if two antennas are aligned, or within 50 mm antenna distance if two antennas are misaligned to 60 mm.
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- The proposed dual-band wireless capsule endoscopic (WCE) antennas utilize impulse radio (IR) signals to realize WCE medical image transmission with low attenuation in the MHz band.
- Through a rough estimation from the simulated and measured results, proposed antennas can realize a total data rate of 2.5 Mbps within 100 mm antenna distance if two antennas are aligned, or within 50 mm antenna distance if two antennas are misaligned to 60 mm.
- Potential medical applications include the diagnosis of the gastrointestinal tract (GI), in particular the ability to diagnose the entire small intestine area.
- Main contribution of this paper is the fabrication and measurement of a dual-band transmitting antenna that can be placed in the WCE capsule, and a modified receiving antenna that can be mounted on the abdomen of the human body for MHz band WCE medical image transmission.
- In addition, the increase of data rate will improve the received image quality, and MHz band communication will reduce signal attenuation and extend WCE battery life.